* The Court applies different levels of "scrutiny" when analyzing different rights. For "fundamental" rights such as free speech, or classifications based on race, for example, they apply "strict" scrutiny, meaning the government must have a "compelling" interest, and the law must be "narrowly tailored" to achieve that interest and must be the "least restrictive means" with which to do so. Other levels of scrutiny are "intermediate" (gender-based classification) and "rational basis" (basically everything else).
The Heller Opinion: The Individual Right to Bear Arms
I wrote about the Heller case way back before it was argued, asking whether the Supreme Court would hold that the 2nd Amendment created an individual right, as opposed to a collective right for state militias. Well, they did, in a close 5-4 opinion authored by Scalia, but they left everything else up for continued debate. Basically, they overturned the D.C. handgun ban, but didn't identify which degree of scrutiny* should be used to analyze it (i.e., whether the right was a "fundamental" one), and stated that this opinion does not affect concealed weapon bans, non-traditional weapons bans, etc. existing in other jurisdictions.